For a long time, the human spine has been viewed as a machine: if you overloaded it with a single excessive force or repetitive loading, there would be ‘wear and tear’ (structural damage, e.g., disc degeneration) and consequently, symptoms such as back pain and sciatic pain.

But is it that simple?

Exercise-associated muscle cramps are painful, involuntary contractions of muscles during or shortly after exercise. These cramps usually occur in muscles that span multiple joints and are frequently used during exercise, such as the calves.

How should they be treated and prevented?

The new Get Big & Strong program is designed for men who want to bulk up and take their gym training to the next level.Designed by our physiotherapists and strength & conditioning coaches, this program...